A Literature Review Of The Norovirus - 928 Words

The following is a literature review of the Norovirus. According to Prasad, Hardy, Dokland, Bella, Rossmann and Estes, Norovirus is classified as a virus belonging to the Caliciviridae family. The genus Norovirus has only one species known as the Norwalk Virus (NV) and a number of serotypes. These strains of Norovirus are classified genetically into five genogroups, namely GI, GII, GIII, GIV and GV. Only viruses in the GI and GII genotypes affect humans. Noroviruses under GI genotype include the Southampton Virus and the Norwalk Virus. Noroviruses under GII genotype include the Lordsdale Virus, Hawaii Virus, Mexico Virus, Bristol Virus and the Snow Mountain Virus. The rest of this paper covers the characteristics of the Norovirus, the diseases it causes, its diagnosis and treatment, its hosts and finally its prevalence in the United States. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the Norovirus, as taken using X-ray diffraction method by Prasad et al. Figure 2 shows other characteristics of the virus (Swiss institute of Bioinformatics). Figure 1: Crystallographic structure Figure 2: Other characteristics The distinguishing characteristics of the Norovirus, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, include Icosahedral geometry, amorphous surface structure, non-enveloped capsid and varying capsid diameters. Virus particles with a capsid diameter exceeding 38nm have a T=3 symmetry while virus particles with capsid diameter not exceeding 23nm have aShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention of Nosocomial Infections2337 Words   |  9 Pagesviruses, which I believe are Norovirus, Influenza and Varicella Zoster Virus. I will primarily focus my essay on these viruses while also highlighting the optimisation of new detection methods in diagnostic specimens. (2. Nosocomial Viruses: †¢ Norovirus Noroviruses are now accepted widely as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries, primarily in the healthcare environment (Thorne Goodfellow, 2014). I believe that Norovirus is one of the most pathogenicRead MoreInfectious Disease Prevention And Control2711 Words   |  11 Pagesprogress and change. Literature Review In my first source â€Å"Detecting the Norovirus Season in Sweden†, this study chose to research common search histories people have used in order to anticipate an infection outbreak. Edelstein used the example of tracking influenza outbreaks via Internet searches to use as surveillance. This report also tracked the number of gastroenteritis cases entered into computer systems as well as the number of calls made from patients reporting possible norovirus symptoms. AccordingRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 PagesVegetable Growers. It is imperative that industry and government alike continue to fund real-world practical research and continue to develop the food safety professionals of tomorrow. February 6, 2005 Ben TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. A Review Of Current And Relevant Publications Relating To The Development Of Risk-Based On-Farm Food Safety Practices For Produce In Canada. 1 Introduction 1 Microbial food safety 2 Risk analysis 5 Risk 7 Risk-based food systems 14 MicrobialRead MoreEssay on Clinical Practice Have Been Revolutionised by PCR1825 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen in clinical practice. The purpose of the essay is to discuss how PCR have revolutionised clinical practice. Method: PubMed Central (The U.S. National Institution of Health) has been used predominantly as a source of primary literature. Some secondary literature has been used for definitions and to advance the understanding the methods of PCR. Search engine also have been used throughout the essay for other journal and websites. Discussion: Prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia is oneRead MoreLiterature Review : Hand Hygiene3082 Words   |  13 Pages Literature Review - Hand Hygiene Tyree Berlin East Tennessee State University July 12, 2015 Introduction Hand hygiene compliance is often neglected by health care workers, even though it puts patients at risk for infection. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (n.d.) there are over 1.4 million Health-Care Associated Infections (HAIs) at any given time, therefore the issue of hand hygiene can not be neglected. Patients in all health care settings are at